Structure and functions of skin
- Epidermis- A tough protective layer made of keratin
- Stratum Basale-The only epidermal cells that receive adequate nourishment. They are constantly under cell division and millions of cells are produced daily.
- Stratum Cornuem- (20-0 cell layers thick). Completely filled with Keratin, protects deeper cells from the hostile external environment These cells are dead.
- Dermis- A strong stretchy envelope that holds the body together.
- Papillary Layer- This is the top layer of the skin that leaves finger prints on everything we touch.
- Dermal papillae-Furnish nutrients to the epidermis.
- Meissner's Corpuscles- These are the pain/touch receptors.
- Reticular Layer- This layer contains the blood vessels, sweat/oil glands, and deep pressure receptors.
- Picinian Corpuscles-The deep pressure receptors.
- Eccrine Glands- These glands produce/secrete sweat.
- Sebacceous Sweat Glands- This gland secretes sebum which keeps the skin soft and moist and prevents hair from becoming brittle.
- Arrector Pili Muscle-Connect each hair follicle to dermal tissue.
- Hair-Served as a protective function.
- Veins-Carry deoxygenated blood away from teachers.
- Arteries- Carry oxygenated blood to be transferred to tissues.
- Hypodermis- Anchors the skin to underlying organs and also serves as a shock absorber and insulator.
- Adipose Tissue- Insulates and protects the deep organs.
1. Infections-fungal,bacterial,viral
There are three different types of skin infections, fungal, bacterial, and viral.
Fungal Infections: Caused by fungus. Common fungal infections are athletes foot, jock itch, ring worms, and yeast infections.
Bacterial- Caused by bacteria. A common bacterial infection is MRSA.
Viral- Caused by viruses. A common virus infection is Herpes.
Picture from:http://www.toenail-fungus-treatments.net/2012/06/06/are-oral-medications-for-nail-fungus-dangerous/
Information from:http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/viral-skin-infections
There are three different types of skin infections, fungal, bacterial, and viral.
Fungal Infections: Caused by fungus. Common fungal infections are athletes foot, jock itch, ring worms, and yeast infections.
Bacterial- Caused by bacteria. A common bacterial infection is MRSA.
Viral- Caused by viruses. A common virus infection is Herpes.
Picture from:http://www.toenail-fungus-treatments.net/2012/06/06/are-oral-medications-for-nail-fungus-dangerous/
Information from:http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/viral-skin-infections
2. Eczema
Eczema is when the skin becomes inflamed or irritated. Eczema affects about 10% to 20% of infants and about 3% of adults and children in the U.S. Most infants who develop the condition outgrow it by their tenth birthday, while some people continue to have symptoms on and off throughout life. With proper treatment, the disease often can be controlled.Eczema is almost always itchy and may appear on places like the face, back of the knees, wrists, hands, or feet. It may also affect other areas as well.
Affected areas usually appear very dry, thickened, or scaly. In fair-skinned people, these areas may initially appear reddish and then turn brown. Among darker-skinned people, eczema can affect pigmentation, making the affected area lighter or darker. In infants, the itchy rash can produce an oozing, crusting condition that happens mainly on the face and scalp, but patches may appear anywhere.The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it's thought to be linked to an overactive response by the body's immune system to an irritant. It is this response that causes the symptoms of eczema.
Picture from:http://eczemahealing.blogspot.com/
Information from:http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/atopic-dermatitis-eczema
Eczema is when the skin becomes inflamed or irritated. Eczema affects about 10% to 20% of infants and about 3% of adults and children in the U.S. Most infants who develop the condition outgrow it by their tenth birthday, while some people continue to have symptoms on and off throughout life. With proper treatment, the disease often can be controlled.Eczema is almost always itchy and may appear on places like the face, back of the knees, wrists, hands, or feet. It may also affect other areas as well.
Affected areas usually appear very dry, thickened, or scaly. In fair-skinned people, these areas may initially appear reddish and then turn brown. Among darker-skinned people, eczema can affect pigmentation, making the affected area lighter or darker. In infants, the itchy rash can produce an oozing, crusting condition that happens mainly on the face and scalp, but patches may appear anywhere.The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it's thought to be linked to an overactive response by the body's immune system to an irritant. It is this response that causes the symptoms of eczema.
Picture from:http://eczemahealing.blogspot.com/
Information from:http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/atopic-dermatitis-eczema
Information/pictures for picktochart from:
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/atopic-dermatitis-eczema
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/understanding-eczema-treatment
ttp://www.medicalhandbook.org/eczema/
http://embarrassingproducts.com/home-remedies-for-eczema/
http://eczemahealing.blogspot.com/
http://www.diapers.com/p/aveeno-baby-eczema-therapy-soothing-bath-treatment-3-75-oz-5-ct-5342
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/atopic-dermatitis-eczema
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/understanding-eczema-treatment
ttp://www.medicalhandbook.org/eczema/
http://embarrassingproducts.com/home-remedies-for-eczema/
http://eczemahealing.blogspot.com/
http://www.diapers.com/p/aveeno-baby-eczema-therapy-soothing-bath-treatment-3-75-oz-5-ct-5342
3. Skin Cancer
Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. But this common form of cancer can also occur on areas of your skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. There are three major types of skin cancer — basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by limiting or avoiding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help detect skin cancer at its earliest stages. Early detection of skin cancer gives you the greatest chance for successful skin cancer treatment.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/basics/definition/con-20031606
Picture from:http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/23814/reduce-risks/sun-protection/tips-for-being-be-sunsmart/skin-cancer-detection-and-screening/types-of-skin-cancer/
Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. But this common form of cancer can also occur on areas of your skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. There are three major types of skin cancer — basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by limiting or avoiding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help detect skin cancer at its earliest stages. Early detection of skin cancer gives you the greatest chance for successful skin cancer treatment.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/basics/definition/con-20031606
Picture from:http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/23814/reduce-risks/sun-protection/tips-for-being-be-sunsmart/skin-cancer-detection-and-screening/types-of-skin-cancer/
4. Elephantitis
Elephantiasis is a syndrome of chronic lymphedema and overlying skin changes. It is caused by parasitic worms.
Picture from:http://www.primehealthchannel.com/elephantitis-elephantiasis-symptoms-causes-pictures-treatment-and-prevention.html
information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis is a syndrome of chronic lymphedema and overlying skin changes. It is caused by parasitic worms.
Picture from:http://www.primehealthchannel.com/elephantitis-elephantiasis-symptoms-causes-pictures-treatment-and-prevention.html
information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantiasis
5. Psoriasis
Psoriasis: is a common "itching condition" skin disease characterized by red, scaly patches, papules, and plaques, which usually itch. The skin lesions seen in psoriasis may vary in severity from minor localized patches to complete body coverage.
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasis
Picture from:https://www.psoriasis.org/
Psoriasis: is a common "itching condition" skin disease characterized by red, scaly patches, papules, and plaques, which usually itch. The skin lesions seen in psoriasis may vary in severity from minor localized patches to complete body coverage.
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasis
Picture from:https://www.psoriasis.org/
6. Acne
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. Acne most commonly appears on your face, neck, chest, back and shoulders. Acne can be distressing and annoyingly persistent. Acne lesions heal slowly, and when one begins to resolve, others seem to crop up.
Depending on its severity, acne can cause emotional distress and lead to scarring of the skin. The good news is that effective treatments are available — and the earlier treatment is started, the lower your risk of lasting physical and emotional damage.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/definition/con-20020580
Picture from:http://www.101corp.com/whatisacne.html
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. Acne most commonly appears on your face, neck, chest, back and shoulders. Acne can be distressing and annoyingly persistent. Acne lesions heal slowly, and when one begins to resolve, others seem to crop up.
Depending on its severity, acne can cause emotional distress and lead to scarring of the skin. The good news is that effective treatments are available — and the earlier treatment is started, the lower your risk of lasting physical and emotional damage.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/definition/con-20020580
Picture from:http://www.101corp.com/whatisacne.html
7. CarbuncleA carbuncle is a skin infection that often involves a group of hair follicles. The infected material forms a lump, which occurs deep in the skin and may contain pus. When there is more than one carbuncle, the condition is called carbunculosis. Most carbuncles are caused by the bacteria staphylococcus aureus. The infection is contagious. This means it can spread to other areas of the body or other people. A carbuncle is made up of several skin boils. The infected mass is filled with fluid, pus, and dead tissue. Fluid may drain out of the carbuncle, but sometimes the mass is so deep that it cannot drain on its own. Carbuncles can develop anywhere. But they are most common on the back and the nape of the neck. Men get carbuncles more often than women.
Information from:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000825.htm
picture from:http://www.homeremediesweb.com/boils_home_remedy.php
Information from:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000825.htm
picture from:http://www.homeremediesweb.com/boils_home_remedy.php
8. Cutis Laxa
Cutis laxa is a disorder of connective tissue, which is the tissue that forms the body's supportive framework. Connective tissue provides structure and strength to the muscles, joints, organs, and skin. The term "cutis laxa" is Latin for loose or lax skin, and this condition is characterized by skin that is sagging and not stretchy. The skin often hangs in loose folds, causing the face and other parts of the body to have a droopy appearance. Extremely wrinkled skin may be particularly noticeable on the neck and in the armpits and groin.
Picture from:http://www.dermaamin.com/site/atlas-of-dermatology/3-c/320-cutis-laxa-.html
information from:http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cutis-laxa
Cutis laxa is a disorder of connective tissue, which is the tissue that forms the body's supportive framework. Connective tissue provides structure and strength to the muscles, joints, organs, and skin. The term "cutis laxa" is Latin for loose or lax skin, and this condition is characterized by skin that is sagging and not stretchy. The skin often hangs in loose folds, causing the face and other parts of the body to have a droopy appearance. Extremely wrinkled skin may be particularly noticeable on the neck and in the armpits and groin.
Picture from:http://www.dermaamin.com/site/atlas-of-dermatology/3-c/320-cutis-laxa-.html
information from:http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cutis-laxa
9.Molluscum Contagiosum
A viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes. It is caused by a DNA poxvirus called the molluscum contagiosum virus. The virus that causes molluscum is spread from person to person by touching the affected skin. The virus may also be spread by touching a surface with the virus on it, such as a towel, clothing, or toys. Once someone has the virus, the bumps can spread to other parts of their body by touching or scratching a bump and then touching another part of the body. Molluscum can be spread from one person to another by sexual contact. This common viral disease has a higher incidence in children, sexually active adults, and those who are immunodeficient, and the infection is most common in children aged one to ten years old. MC can affect any area of the skin but is most common on the trunk of the body, arms, groin, and legs. Molluscum contagiosum is contagious until the bumps are gone. Some growths may remain for up to 4 years if not treated.
Picture from:http://www.ihomeremedy.net/home-remedies-for-molluscum-contagiosum/
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum
A viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes. It is caused by a DNA poxvirus called the molluscum contagiosum virus. The virus that causes molluscum is spread from person to person by touching the affected skin. The virus may also be spread by touching a surface with the virus on it, such as a towel, clothing, or toys. Once someone has the virus, the bumps can spread to other parts of their body by touching or scratching a bump and then touching another part of the body. Molluscum can be spread from one person to another by sexual contact. This common viral disease has a higher incidence in children, sexually active adults, and those who are immunodeficient, and the infection is most common in children aged one to ten years old. MC can affect any area of the skin but is most common on the trunk of the body, arms, groin, and legs. Molluscum contagiosum is contagious until the bumps are gone. Some growths may remain for up to 4 years if not treated.
Picture from:http://www.ihomeremedy.net/home-remedies-for-molluscum-contagiosum/
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum
10. Shingles
Shingles is a painful skin rash . It is caused by the varicella zoster virus. Shingles usually appears in a band, a strip, or a small area on one side of the face or body. Shingles is most common in older adults and people who have weak immune systems because of stress, injury, certain medicines, or other reasons. Most people who get shingles will get better and will not get it again. Shingles occurs when the virus that causes chickenpox starts up again in your body. After you get better from chickenpox, the virus "sleeps" (is dormant) in your nerve roots. In some people, it stays dormant forever. In others, the virus "wakes up" when disease, stress, or aging weakens the immune system. Some medicines may trigger the virus to wake up and cause a shingles rash. It is not clear why this happens. But after the virus becomes active again, it can only cause shingles, not chickenpox.
Picture from:http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2014/02/26/shingles-symptoms-and-treatment
Information from:http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/shingles/shingles-topic-overview
Shingles is a painful skin rash . It is caused by the varicella zoster virus. Shingles usually appears in a band, a strip, or a small area on one side of the face or body. Shingles is most common in older adults and people who have weak immune systems because of stress, injury, certain medicines, or other reasons. Most people who get shingles will get better and will not get it again. Shingles occurs when the virus that causes chickenpox starts up again in your body. After you get better from chickenpox, the virus "sleeps" (is dormant) in your nerve roots. In some people, it stays dormant forever. In others, the virus "wakes up" when disease, stress, or aging weakens the immune system. Some medicines may trigger the virus to wake up and cause a shingles rash. It is not clear why this happens. But after the virus becomes active again, it can only cause shingles, not chickenpox.
Picture from:http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2014/02/26/shingles-symptoms-and-treatment
Information from:http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/shingles/shingles-topic-overview