The Endocrine System Includes:
*The Adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney, have two parts, each of which produces a set of hormones and has a different function. The outer part, the adrenal cortex, produces hormones that influence or regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function. The inner part, the adrenal medulla produces epinephrine which increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress.
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*The Pancreas is also part of the body's hormone-secreting system, even though it is also associated with the digestive system because it produces and secretes digestive enzymes.The pancreas produces two important hormones, insulin and glucagon. They work together to maintain a steady level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood and to keep the body supplied with fuel to produce and maintain stores of energy.
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*The Reproductive glands or gonads are the main source of sex hormones. In guys the testes, are located in the scrotum. The testosterone released tells a guy's body when it's time to make the changes with puberty, like the penis, height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes. The female's ovaries, are located in the pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. A girl will experience breast growth, accumulate body fat, and will have a growth spurt. Estrogen and progesterone are also involved in the regulation of a girl's menstrual cycle. These hormones also play a role in pregnancy.
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*The Pineal gland, located in the middle of the brain, secretes melatonin. This is the hormone that produces our levels of sleepiness.
*Parathyroids, are four tiny glands attached to the thyroid that function together. They release a parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin, which is produced in the thyroid.
*The Pituitary Gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus. This is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands. |
*Hypothalmus is located in the lower central part of the brain and is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary.
*The Thyroid Gland, located in the front part of the lower neck, produces the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triidothyronine. These hormones control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy. These hormones help kids' and teens' bones grow and develop, and they also play a role in the development of the brain and nervous system in kids. |
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1. Addison's Disease
Addison’s disease is a adrenal insufficiency. This occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones. This can lead to abdominal pain and weakness, a severe illness which may include very low blood pressure and coma. This is caused by problems with the adrenal gland and by damage by the body's own immune system, certain infections, or various rarer causes.
information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease
Picture from:http://www.meltmethod.com/blog/your-adrenal-glands-and-m
Addison’s disease is a adrenal insufficiency. This occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones. This can lead to abdominal pain and weakness, a severe illness which may include very low blood pressure and coma. This is caused by problems with the adrenal gland and by damage by the body's own immune system, certain infections, or various rarer causes.
information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease
Picture from:http://www.meltmethod.com/blog/your-adrenal-glands-and-m
2. Cushing's Disease
Cushing's disease is caused by a tumor or excess growth of the pituitary gland. This gland is located at the base of the brain. Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH stimulates the production and release of cortisol, a stress hormone. Too much ACTH means too much cortisol. Cortisol is normally released during stressful situations. It controls the body's use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also helps reduce the immune system's response to swelling. With too much of this hormone released causes things like weight gain, bruising, and stretch marks.
information from:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000348.htm
picture from:http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1104780
Cushing's disease is caused by a tumor or excess growth of the pituitary gland. This gland is located at the base of the brain. Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH stimulates the production and release of cortisol, a stress hormone. Too much ACTH means too much cortisol. Cortisol is normally released during stressful situations. It controls the body's use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also helps reduce the immune system's response to swelling. With too much of this hormone released causes things like weight gain, bruising, and stretch marks.
information from:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000348.htm
picture from:http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1104780
3. Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood. The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin. ADH is a hormone produced in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of head injury, infection, loss of blood supply to the gland, surgery, or a tumor.
Information from:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000377.htm
Picture from:http://www.pinterest.com/pin/287034176223345389/
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood. The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin. ADH is a hormone produced in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of head injury, infection, loss of blood supply to the gland, surgery, or a tumor.
Information from:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000377.htm
Picture from:http://www.pinterest.com/pin/287034176223345389/
4. Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is when a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
There are three main types of diabetes mellitus.
information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus
picture from:http://www.medibird.com/diabetes-mellitus-type-2.html
Diabetes mellitus is when a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
There are three main types of diabetes mellitus.
- Type 1 results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and currently requires the person to inject insulin or wear an insulin pump.
- Type 2 results from a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency
- The third main form, gestational diabetes, occurs when pregnant women without a previous diagnosis of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level.
information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus
picture from:http://www.medibird.com/diabetes-mellitus-type-2.html
5. Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism means your thyroid, located in the front of your neck, makes too much thyroid hormone. This part of the body releases chemicals that control metabolism. Having too much thyroid hormone can make a lot of things in your body speed up. You may lose weight quickly, have a fast heartbeat, sweat a lot, or feel nervous and moody. You may have no symptoms at all. Hyperthyroidism is easily treated. Without treatment, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious heart problems, bone problems, and a dangerous condition called thyroid storm. Like many thyroid problems, it often runs in families. Sometimes hyperthyroidism is caused by a swollen thyroid or small growths in the thyroid called thyroid nodules.
information from:http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hyperthyroidism-topic-overview
picture from:http://www.earnestholistichealth.com/earnest-holistic-health/hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism means your thyroid, located in the front of your neck, makes too much thyroid hormone. This part of the body releases chemicals that control metabolism. Having too much thyroid hormone can make a lot of things in your body speed up. You may lose weight quickly, have a fast heartbeat, sweat a lot, or feel nervous and moody. You may have no symptoms at all. Hyperthyroidism is easily treated. Without treatment, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious heart problems, bone problems, and a dangerous condition called thyroid storm. Like many thyroid problems, it often runs in families. Sometimes hyperthyroidism is caused by a swollen thyroid or small growths in the thyroid called thyroid nodules.
information from:http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hyperthyroidism-topic-overview
picture from:http://www.earnestholistichealth.com/earnest-holistic-health/hyperthyroidism
6. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control your metabolism. Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects your whole body. If hypothyroidism is not treated, it can raise your cholesterol levels. Like many thyroid problems, you are more likely to get the disease if it runs in your family.
information from:http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hypothyroidism-topic-overview
picture from:https://www.877myjuicer.com/blog/therapeutic-juicing-for-hypothyroidism/
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control your metabolism. Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects your whole body. If hypothyroidism is not treated, it can raise your cholesterol levels. Like many thyroid problems, you are more likely to get the disease if it runs in your family.
information from:http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hypothyroidism-topic-overview
picture from:https://www.877myjuicer.com/blog/therapeutic-juicing-for-hypothyroidism/
7. Goiter
Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland, located at the base of your neck. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In the United States, where the use of iodized salt is common, a goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland itself. Small goiters that aren't noticeable and don't cause problems usually don't need treatment.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/basics/definition/con-20021266
picture from:http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayImage.aspx?gcid=17071&ptid=2
Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland, located at the base of your neck. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In the United States, where the use of iodized salt is common, a goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland itself. Small goiters that aren't noticeable and don't cause problems usually don't need treatment.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/basics/definition/con-20021266
picture from:http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayImage.aspx?gcid=17071&ptid=2
8. Acromegally
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. This can also be caused be a tumor development of the pituitary gland. When this happens, your bones increase in size, including those of your hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults. In children who are still growing, too much growth hormone can cause a condition called gigantism. These children have exaggerated bone growth and an abnormal increase in height. Because acromegaly is uncommon and physical changes occur gradually, the condition often isn't recognized immediately; sometimes not for years. If not treated promptly, acromegaly can become life-threatening.
information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/basics/definition/con-20019216
picture from:http://www.allanbevere.com/2012/01/did-goliath-of-gath-have-medical.html
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. This can also be caused be a tumor development of the pituitary gland. When this happens, your bones increase in size, including those of your hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults. In children who are still growing, too much growth hormone can cause a condition called gigantism. These children have exaggerated bone growth and an abnormal increase in height. Because acromegaly is uncommon and physical changes occur gradually, the condition often isn't recognized immediately; sometimes not for years. If not treated promptly, acromegaly can become life-threatening.
information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/basics/definition/con-20019216
picture from:http://www.allanbevere.com/2012/01/did-goliath-of-gath-have-medical.html
9. Dwarfism
Dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition. Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or less (147 centimeters). The average adult height among people with dwarfism is 4 feet (122 cm). Treatments for most dwarfism-related conditions don't increase stature but may lessen complications.
information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/definition/con-20032297
picture from:zmcelroy.tripod.com
Dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition. Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or less (147 centimeters). The average adult height among people with dwarfism is 4 feet (122 cm). Treatments for most dwarfism-related conditions don't increase stature but may lessen complications.
information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/definition/con-20032297
picture from:zmcelroy.tripod.com