information from:http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_Urinary_System
http://www.shodor.org/master/biomed/physio/dialysis/kidney.htm
http://www.shodor.org/master/biomed/physio/dialysis/kidney.htm
The Engineering of Kidneys Improved!!
In the picture to the left is Anthony Atala, the man who introduced printed human organs to the TED convention. Yes, printed! Medical teams can now take the components and DNA of a kidney and print a 3D copy of it. The only problem with the printed kidneys are that they are not living tissues. This means while the structure is spot on, the functioning aspects of the kidney are not. These kidneys only have a lifespan of four months so don't get too excited! We are sticking to organ transplants for now.
Information from:http://www.dvice.com/2013-9-9/tiny-kidneys-are-worlds-first-3d-printed-living-organs
Picture from:http://www.ted.com/talks/anthony_atala_printing_a_human_kidney
In the picture to the left is Anthony Atala, the man who introduced printed human organs to the TED convention. Yes, printed! Medical teams can now take the components and DNA of a kidney and print a 3D copy of it. The only problem with the printed kidneys are that they are not living tissues. This means while the structure is spot on, the functioning aspects of the kidney are not. These kidneys only have a lifespan of four months so don't get too excited! We are sticking to organ transplants for now.
Information from:http://www.dvice.com/2013-9-9/tiny-kidneys-are-worlds-first-3d-printed-living-organs
Picture from:http://www.ted.com/talks/anthony_atala_printing_a_human_kidney
10 URINARY SYSTEM DISEASES AND PROBLEMS
1. Benign Prosthatic Hyperplasia
Benign Prosthatic Hyperplasia is the formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in the prostate. When large enough, the nodules compress the urethral canal to cause partial, or sometimes virtually complete, urinary tract obstruction by the urethra, which interferes with the normal flow of urine.
Picture from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benign_Prostatic_Hyperplasia_nci-vol-7137-300.jpg
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia
Benign Prosthatic Hyperplasia is the formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in the prostate. When large enough, the nodules compress the urethral canal to cause partial, or sometimes virtually complete, urinary tract obstruction by the urethra, which interferes with the normal flow of urine.
Picture from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benign_Prostatic_Hyperplasia_nci-vol-7137-300.jpg
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia
2. Cystitis
Cystitis is also known as a Urinary Tract Infection or a UTI. This problem is usually a bladder infection caused by bacteria. This is very painful and can become worse if spread to the kidneys.
Picture from: http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Womens-Health/DS00497.cfm
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/basics/definition/con-20024076
Cystitis is also known as a Urinary Tract Infection or a UTI. This problem is usually a bladder infection caused by bacteria. This is very painful and can become worse if spread to the kidneys.
Picture from: http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Womens-Health/DS00497.cfm
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/basics/definition/con-20024076
3. Nephritis
Nephritis is often caused by infections, toxins, and auto-immune diseases. It can be caused by infection, but is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs. For example, those with lupus are at a much higher risk for developing nephritis. In rare cases nephritis can be genetically inherited, though it may not present in childhood. (But has been known to be diagnosed in young girls of teen years.)
Picture from:http://creative.sulekha.com/nephritis_220297_blog
Nephritis is often caused by infections, toxins, and auto-immune diseases. It can be caused by infection, but is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs. For example, those with lupus are at a much higher risk for developing nephritis. In rare cases nephritis can be genetically inherited, though it may not present in childhood. (But has been known to be diagnosed in young girls of teen years.)
- Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the pyelum of the kidney.
- Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidney caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease of the immune system.
- Athletic nephritis is nephritis resulting from strenuous exercise. It may result in proteinuria, hematuria and cylinduria. In most persons these are transient findings that disappear within hours to days after the end of exercise. The findings generally increase by increasing severity and duration of physical stress. Hematuria after strenuous exercise may also result from march hemoglobinuria, which is caused by trauma to red blood cells, causing hemolysis and resultant release of hemoglobin into the blood.
Picture from:http://creative.sulekha.com/nephritis_220297_blog
4. Renal Calculi
Renal Calculi also known as kidney stones is made of tiny crystals formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine.Kidney stones typically leave the body by passage in the urine stream, and many stones are formed and passed without causing symptoms. If stones grow to sufficient size (usually at least 3 millimeters (0.12 in)) they can cause obstruction of the ureter.
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone
Picture from:http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/kidneystones.htm
Renal Calculi also known as kidney stones is made of tiny crystals formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine.Kidney stones typically leave the body by passage in the urine stream, and many stones are formed and passed without causing symptoms. If stones grow to sufficient size (usually at least 3 millimeters (0.12 in)) they can cause obstruction of the ureter.
Information from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone
Picture from:http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/kidneystones.htm
5. Prostatitis
Prostatitis is a condition that involves inflammation of the prostate and sometimes the area around it. There are several types of prostatitis, each with a range of symptoms. Some men with the disease will experience severe pain and others will not be bothered; and the rest fall in between the two. However, the symptoms of the disease do have a significant impact on a man’s quality of life.
While the exact cause is unknown, there are several accepted theories. Some cases of prostatitis are clearly related to acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis infections. These infections get into the prostate from the urethra by backward flow of infected urine into the prostate ducts. Bacterial prostatitis is not contagious and is not a sexually transmitted disease. A sexual partner cannot catch this infection.
Certain conditions or medical procedures increase the risk of contracting bacterial prostatitis. There is a higher risk if the man has recently had a catheter or other instrument inserted into his urethra, an abnormality of his urinary tract or a recent bladder infection.
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome may be caused by atypical organisms such as chlamydia, mycoplasma (which may be transmitted by sexual contact) ureaplasma or may also be due to a chemical or immunologic reaction to an initial injury or previous infection. The nerves and muscles in the pelvis may cause pain in the area, either as a response to the prostate infection or inflammation or as an isolated problem itself.
Picture from:http://www.acu-cell.com/dis-pro.html
Prostatitis is a condition that involves inflammation of the prostate and sometimes the area around it. There are several types of prostatitis, each with a range of symptoms. Some men with the disease will experience severe pain and others will not be bothered; and the rest fall in between the two. However, the symptoms of the disease do have a significant impact on a man’s quality of life.
While the exact cause is unknown, there are several accepted theories. Some cases of prostatitis are clearly related to acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis infections. These infections get into the prostate from the urethra by backward flow of infected urine into the prostate ducts. Bacterial prostatitis is not contagious and is not a sexually transmitted disease. A sexual partner cannot catch this infection.
Certain conditions or medical procedures increase the risk of contracting bacterial prostatitis. There is a higher risk if the man has recently had a catheter or other instrument inserted into his urethra, an abnormality of his urinary tract or a recent bladder infection.
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome may be caused by atypical organisms such as chlamydia, mycoplasma (which may be transmitted by sexual contact) ureaplasma or may also be due to a chemical or immunologic reaction to an initial injury or previous infection. The nerves and muscles in the pelvis may cause pain in the area, either as a response to the prostate infection or inflammation or as an isolated problem itself.
- Acute bacterial prostatitis is the least common type of prostatitis but the most easily recognized. It is usually caused by a sudden bacterial infection and easy to diagnose because of the typical symptoms and signs. It is a severe urinary tract infection associated often with fevers and chills. Acute bacterial prostatitis can affect any age group.
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis is similar to acute bacterial prostatitis but the symptoms develop gradually and are less severe. Characterized by recurrent urinary tract infections in men; this condition can affect any age group but is most common in young and middle-aged men.
- Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome/Nonbacterial prostatitis /prostatodynia, is the most common types of prostatitis. The exact cause of this non-bacterial prostatitis condition is unknown. However, the disease could stem from persistent infection, inflammation and/or pelvic muscle spasms. Inflammation in the prostate can also occur without symptoms.
- Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is prostatitis without symptoms, despite an inflammation of the prostate. Diagnosis is made when the patient is being evaluated for symptoms unrelated to prostatitis. In cases such as these is, evidence of inflammation is found in biopsied tissue or specimens of urine, semen or prostatic fluid.
Picture from:http://www.acu-cell.com/dis-pro.html
6. Kidney Failure acute and chronic
Acute kidney Failure- develops suddenly, over the course of a few hours to a few days. Acute kidney disease has dozens of potential causes, including impaired blood flow in the kidneys, urine blockages, or kidney damage from an injury, other diseases, toxins or even commonly used medications.
Chronic Kidney Failure- develops slowly, damaging the nephrons over the course of several years. Many people with chronic kidney disease won't experience any noticeable symptoms for up to 30 years. Possible causes include high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney infections, impaired blood flow in the kidneys and long-term use of certain medications.
Information from:http://www.templeoaks.org/content/kidney_disease_acute_chronic.htm
Picture from:http://myinsaan.blogspot.com/
Acute kidney Failure- develops suddenly, over the course of a few hours to a few days. Acute kidney disease has dozens of potential causes, including impaired blood flow in the kidneys, urine blockages, or kidney damage from an injury, other diseases, toxins or even commonly used medications.
Chronic Kidney Failure- develops slowly, damaging the nephrons over the course of several years. Many people with chronic kidney disease won't experience any noticeable symptoms for up to 30 years. Possible causes include high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney infections, impaired blood flow in the kidneys and long-term use of certain medications.
Information from:http://www.templeoaks.org/content/kidney_disease_acute_chronic.htm
Picture from:http://myinsaan.blogspot.com/
7. Hematuria
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Two types of blood in the urine exist. Blood that can be seen in the urine is called gross hematuria. Blood that cannot be seen in the urine, except when examined with a microscope, is called microscopic hematuria.
Information from:http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/hematuria/
Picture from:http://www.kidneyservicechina.com/blood-in-urine/816.html
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Two types of blood in the urine exist. Blood that can be seen in the urine is called gross hematuria. Blood that cannot be seen in the urine, except when examined with a microscope, is called microscopic hematuria.
Information from:http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/hematuria/
Picture from:http://www.kidneyservicechina.com/blood-in-urine/816.html
8.Urethritis
Urethritis is swelling and irritation of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the body. This is typically caused by a bacterial infection.
Information from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001475/
Picture from:http://www.uofmmedicalcenter.org/healthlibrary/Article/116660EN
Urethritis is swelling and irritation of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the body. This is typically caused by a bacterial infection.
Information from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001475/
Picture from:http://www.uofmmedicalcenter.org/healthlibrary/Article/116660EN
9.Vesicoureteral Reflux
This occurs when urine travels backwards from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. There are 6 levels of severity. One is the least severe and six is the most.
picture from:http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/index.cfm?article=55
Information from:
This occurs when urine travels backwards from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. There are 6 levels of severity. One is the least severe and six is the most.
picture from:http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/index.cfm?article=55
Information from:
10.Cystocele
Cystocele occurs when the supporting tissue between the vagina walls and the bladder stretch and allow the bladder to peak through the vagina opening.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/basics/definition/con-20026175
Picture from:http://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/cystocele-quicksheet/
Cystocele occurs when the supporting tissue between the vagina walls and the bladder stretch and allow the bladder to peak through the vagina opening.
Information from:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/basics/definition/con-20026175
Picture from:http://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/cystocele-quicksheet/